Polyvinylpyrrolidone-resorcinol-formaldehyde hydrogel system reinforced with bio-synthesized zinc-oxide for water shut-off in heterogeneous reservoir: An experimental investigation

This work aims at evaluating advancement in water shut-off performance using nanocomposite hydrogel (PVP-ZnO:RF) prepared from PolyVinylPyrrolidone (PVP); used as polymer, Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (RF); a crosslinker and nano Zinc Oxide (ZnO); strength modifier it was compared with conventional (PVP:RF) i.e. , without ZnO nanofiller. The ZnO, nanofiller this work, successfully bio-synthesized ( green route synthesized) plant extract Moringa oleifera leaves ) the average size found to be 10 nm. In research effect of on gelation time, gel strength, thermal stability, rheological properties systematically evaluated. On incorporation nanofiller, time decreases but increases. stability studied Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) that depicts maximum tolerable temperature increases 86 °C 92 0.5 wt.% concentration (PVP). mechanical demonstrates infusion has significantly enhanced dynamic moduli storage modulus G ′) loss ″)). Moreover, optimum results ″) are high permeable streak, terms percentage reduction permeability, 97% 92% for (PVP:RF), respectively. Also, residual resistance factor is 31.31 12.71 PVP-ZnO:RF PVP:RF hydrogels. Thus, developed may promising solution excessive production mature oil fields.